BigOS/kernel/kernel.asm
2023-01-02 13:06:27 +08:00

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; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
; kernel.asm
; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
; Forrest Yu, 2005
; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
%include "sconst.inc"
; 导入函数
extern cstart
extern kernel_main
extern exception_handler
extern spurious_irq
extern clock_handler
extern delay
extern irq_table
extern page_fault_handler
extern divide_error_handler ;added by xw, 18/12/22
extern schedule
extern switch_pde
; 导入全局变量
extern gdt_ptr
extern idt_ptr
extern p_proc_current
extern tss
extern disp_pos
extern k_reenter
extern sys_call_table
extern cr3_ready ;add by visual 2016.4.5
extern p_proc_current
extern p_proc_next ;added by xw, 18/4/26
extern kernel_initial ;added by xw, 18/6/10
bits 32
[SECTION .bss]
StackSpace resb 2 * 1024
StackTop: ; used only as irq-stack in minios. added by xw
; added by xw, 18/6/15
KernelStackSpace resb 2 * 1024
KernelStackTop: ; used as stack of kernel itself
; ~xw
[section .text] ; 代码在此
global _start ; 导出 _start
;global restart
global restart_initial ;Added by xw, 18/4/21
global restart_restore ;Added by xw, 18/4/21
global sched ;Added by xw, 18/4/21
global sys_call
global read_cr2 ;//add by visual 2016.5.9
global refresh_page_cache ; // add by visual 2016.5.12
global halt ;added by xw, 18/6/11
global get_arg ;added by xw, 18/6/18
global divide_error
global single_step_exception
global nmi
global breakpoint_exception
global overflow
global bounds_check
global inval_opcode
global copr_not_available
global double_fault
global copr_seg_overrun
global inval_tss
global segment_not_present
global stack_exception
global general_protection
global page_fault
global copr_error
global hwint00
global hwint01
global hwint02
global hwint03
global hwint04
global hwint05
global hwint06
global hwint07
global hwint08
global hwint09
global hwint10
global hwint11
global hwint12
global hwint13
global hwint14
global hwint15
_start:
; 此时内存看上去是这样的(更详细的内存情况在 LOADER.ASM 中有说明):
; ┃ ┃
; ┃ ... ┃
; ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃■■■■■■Page Tables■■■■■■┃
; ┃■■■■■(大小由LOADER决定)■■■■┃ PageTblBase
; 00101000h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃■■■■Page Directory Table■■■■┃ PageDirBase = 1M
; 00100000h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃□□□□ Hardware Reserved □□□□┃ B8000h ← gs
; 9FC00h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃■■■■■■■LOADER.BIN■■■■■■┃ somewhere in LOADER ← esp
; 90000h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃■■■■■■■KERNEL.BIN■■■■■■┃
; 80000h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃■■■■■■■■KERNEL■■■■■■■┃ 30400h ← KERNEL 入口 (KernelEntryPointPhyAddr)
; 30000h ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┋ ... ┋
; ┋ ┋
; 0h ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ ← cs, ds, es, fs, ss
;
;
; GDT 以及相应的描述符是这样的:
;
; Descriptors Selectors
; ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
; ┃ Dummy Descriptor ┃
; ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃ DESC_FLAT_C (04G) ┃ 8h = cs
; ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃ DESC_FLAT_RW (04G) ┃ 10h = ds, es, fs, ss
; ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
; ┃ DESC_VIDEO ┃ 1Bh = gs
; ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
;
; 注意! 在使用 C 代码的时候一定要保证 ds, es, ss 这几个段寄存器的值是一样的
; 因为编译器有可能编译出使用它们的代码, 而编译器默认它们是一样的. 比如串拷贝操作会用到 ds 和 es.
;
;
; 把 esp 从 LOADER 挪到 KERNEL
; modified by xw, 18/6/15
;mov esp, StackTop ; 堆栈在 bss 段中
mov esp, KernelStackTop ; 堆栈在 bss 段中
mov dword [disp_pos], 0
sgdt [gdt_ptr] ; cstart() 中将会用到 gdt_ptr
call cstart ; 在此函数中改变了gdt_ptr让它指向新的GDT
lgdt [gdt_ptr] ; 使用新的GDT
lidt [idt_ptr]
jmp SELECTOR_KERNEL_CS:csinit
csinit: ; “这个跳转指令强制使用刚刚初始化的结构”——<<OS:D&I 2nd>> P90.
xor eax, eax
mov ax, SELECTOR_TSS
ltr ax
jmp kernel_main
; 中断和异常 -- 硬件中断
; ---------------------------------
%macro hwint_master 1
;call save
call save_int ;save registers and some other things. modified by xw, 17/12/11
inc dword [k_reenter] ;If k_reenter isn't equal to 0, there is no switching to the irq-stack,
;which is performed in save_int. Added by xw, 18/4/21
in al, INT_M_CTLMASK ; `.
or al, (1 << %1) ; | 屏蔽当前中断
out INT_M_CTLMASK, al ; /
mov al, EOI ; `. 置EOI位
out INT_M_CTL, al ; /
sti ; CPU在响应中断的过程中会自动关中断这句之后就允许响应新的中断
push %1 ; `.
call [irq_table + 4 * %1] ; | 中断处理程序
pop ecx ; / ; ┛
cli
dec dword [k_reenter]
in al, INT_M_CTLMASK ; `.
and al, ~(1 << %1) ; | 恢复接受当前中断
out INT_M_CTLMASK, al ; /
ret
%endmacro
ALIGN 16
hwint00: ; Interrupt routine for irq 0 (the clock).
hwint_master 0
ALIGN 16
hwint01: ; Interrupt routine for irq 1 (keyboard)
hwint_master 1
ALIGN 16
hwint02: ; Interrupt routine for irq 2 (cascade!)
hwint_master 2
ALIGN 16
hwint03: ; Interrupt routine for irq 3 (second serial)
hwint_master 3
ALIGN 16
hwint04: ; Interrupt routine for irq 4 (first serial)
hwint_master 4
ALIGN 16
hwint05: ; Interrupt routine for irq 5 (XT winchester)
hwint_master 5
ALIGN 16
hwint06: ; Interrupt routine for irq 6 (floppy)
hwint_master 6
ALIGN 16
hwint07: ; Interrupt routine for irq 7 (printer)
hwint_master 7
; ---------------------------------
%macro hwint_slave 1
;added by xw, 18/5/29
call save_int ;save registers and some other things.
inc dword [k_reenter] ;If k_reenter isn't equal to 0, there is no switching to the irq-stack,
;which is performed in save_int. Added by xw, 18/4/21
in al, INT_S_CTLMASK ; `.
or al, (1 << (%1 - 8)) ; | 屏蔽当前中断
out INT_S_CTLMASK, al ; /
mov al, EOI ; `.
out INT_M_CTL, al ; / 置EOI位(master)
nop ; `.一定注意slave和master都要置EOI
out INT_S_CTL, al ; / 置EOI位(slave)
sti ; CPU在响应中断的过程中会自动关中断这句之后就允许响应新的中断
push %1 ; `.
call [irq_table + 4 * %1] ; | 中断处理程序
pop ecx ; /
cli
dec dword [k_reenter]
in al, INT_S_CTLMASK ; `.
and al, ~(1 << (%1 - 8)) ; | 恢复接受当前中断
out INT_S_CTLMASK, al ; /
ret
;~xw
%endmacro
; ---------------------------------
ALIGN 16
hwint08: ; Interrupt routine for irq 8 (realtime clock).
hwint_slave 8
ALIGN 16
hwint09: ; Interrupt routine for irq 9 (irq 2 redirected)
hwint_slave 9
ALIGN 16
hwint10: ; Interrupt routine for irq 10
hwint_slave 10
ALIGN 16
hwint11: ; Interrupt routine for irq 11
hwint_slave 11
ALIGN 16
hwint12: ; Interrupt routine for irq 12
hwint_slave 12
ALIGN 16
hwint13: ; Interrupt routine for irq 13 (FPU exception)
hwint_slave 13
ALIGN 16
hwint14: ; Interrupt routine for irq 14 (AT winchester)
hwint_slave 14
ALIGN 16
hwint15: ; Interrupt routine for irq 15
hwint_slave 15
; ====================================================================================
; exception
; ====================================================================================
;restructured exception-handling procedure
;added by xw, 18/12/18
%macro exception_no_errcode 2
push 0xFFFFFFFF ;no err code
call save_exception ;save registers and some other things.
mov esi, esp ;esp points to pushed address of restart_exception at present
add esi, 4 * 17 ;we use esi to help to fetch arguments of exception handler from the stack.
;17 is calculated by: 4+8+retaddr+errcode+eip+cs+eflag=17
mov eax, [esi] ;saved eflags
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4] ;saved cs
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4 * 2] ;saved eip
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4 * 3] ;saved err code
push eax
push %1 ;vector_no
sti
call %2
cli
add esp, 4 * 5 ;clear arguments of exception handler in stack
ret ;returned to 'restart_exception' procedure
%endmacro
%macro exception_errcode 2
call save_exception ;save registers and some other things.
mov esi, esp ;esp points to pushed address of restart_exception at present
add esi, 4 * 17 ;we use esi to help to fetch arguments of exception handler from the stack.
;17 is calculated by: 4+8+retaddr+errcode+eip+cs+eflag=17
mov eax, [esi] ;saved eflags
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4] ;saved cs
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4 * 2] ;saved eip
push eax
mov eax, [esi - 4 * 3] ;saved err code
push eax
push %1 ;vector_no
sti
call %2
cli
add esp, 4 * 5 ;clear arguments of exception handler in stack
ret ;returned to 'restart_exception' procedure
%endmacro
divide_error: ; vector_no = 0
; exception_no_errcode 0, exception_handler
exception_no_errcode 0, divide_error_handler ;added by xw, 18/12/22
single_step_exception: ; vector_no = 1
exception_no_errcode 1, exception_handler
nmi: ; vector_no = 2
exception_no_errcode 2, exception_handler
breakpoint_exception: ; vector_no = 3
exception_no_errcode 3, exception_handler
overflow: ; vector_no = 4
exception_no_errcode 4, exception_handler
bounds_check: ; vector_no = 5
exception_no_errcode 5, exception_handler
inval_opcode: ; vector_no = 6
exception_no_errcode 6, exception_handler
copr_not_available: ; vector_no = 7
exception_no_errcode 7, exception_handler
double_fault: ; vector_no = 8
exception_errcode 8, exception_handler
copr_seg_overrun: ; vector_no = 9
exception_no_errcode 9, exception_handler
inval_tss: ; vector_no = 10
exception_errcode 10, exception_handler
segment_not_present: ; vector_no = 11
exception_errcode 11, exception_handler
stack_exception: ; vector_no = 12
exception_errcode 12, exception_handler
general_protection: ; vector_no = 13
exception_errcode 13, exception_handler
page_fault: ; vector_no = 14
exception_errcode 14, page_fault_handler
copr_error: ; vector_no = 16
exception_no_errcode 16, exception_handler
;environment saving when an exception occurs
;added by xw, 18/12/18
save_exception:
pushad ; `.
push ds ; |
push es ; | 保存原寄存器值
push fs ; |
push gs ; /
mov dx, ss
mov ds, dx
mov es, dx
mov fs, dx ;value of fs and gs in user process is different to that in kernel
mov dx, SELECTOR_VIDEO - 2 ;added by xw, 18/6/20
mov gs, dx
mov esi, esp
push restart_exception
jmp [esi + RETADR - P_STACKBASE] ;the err code is in higher address than retaddr in stack, so there is
;no need to modify the position jumped to, that is,
;"jmp [esi + RETADR - 4 - P_STACKBASE]" is actually wrong.
;added by xw, 18/12/18
restart_exception:
call sched
pop gs
pop fs
pop es
pop ds
popad
add esp, 4 * 2 ;clear retaddr and error code in stack
iretd
; ====================================================================================
; save
; ====================================================================================
save_int:
pushad ; `.
push ds ; |
push es ; | 保存原寄存器值
push fs ; |
push gs ; /
cmp dword [k_reenter], 0 ;Added by xw, 18/4/19
jnz instack
mov ebx, [p_proc_current] ;xw
mov dword [ebx + ESP_SAVE_INT], esp ;xw save esp position in the kernel-stack of the process
; or dword [ebx + SAVE_TYPE], 1 ;set 1st-bit of save_type, added by xw, 17/12/04
mov dx, ss
mov ds, dx
mov es, dx
mov fs, dx ;value of fs and gs in user process is different to that in kernel
mov dx, SELECTOR_VIDEO - 2 ;added by xw, 18/6/20
mov gs, dx
mov esi, esp
mov esp, StackTop ;switches to the irq-stack from current process's kernel stack
push restart_int ;added by xw, 18/4/19
jmp [esi + RETADR - P_STACKBASE]
instack: ;already in the irq-stack
push restart_restore ;modified by xw, 18/4/19
; jmp [esp + RETADR - P_STACKBASE]
jmp [esp + 4 + RETADR - P_STACKBASE] ;modified by xw, 18/6/4
save_syscall: ;can't modify EAX, for it contains syscall number
;can't modify EBX, for it contains the syscall argument
pushad ; `.
push ds ; |
push es ; | 保存原寄存器值
push fs ; |
push gs ; /
mov edx, [p_proc_current] ;xw
mov dword [edx + ESP_SAVE_SYSCALL], esp ;xw save esp position in the kernel-stack of the process
mov dx, ss
mov ds, dx
mov es, dx
mov fs, dx ;value of fs and gs in user process is different to that in kernel
mov dx, SELECTOR_VIDEO - 2 ;added by xw, 18/6/20
mov gs, dx
mov esi, esp
push restart_syscall ;modified by xw, 17/12/04
jmp [esi + RETADR - P_STACKBASE]
;modified end
; ====================================================================================
; sched(process switch)
; ====================================================================================
sched:
;could be called by C function, you must save ebp, ebx, edi, esi,
;for C function assumes that they stay unchanged. added by xw, 18/4/19
;save_context
pushfd
pushad ;modified by xw, 18/6/4
cli
mov ebx, [p_proc_current]
mov dword [ebx + ESP_SAVE_CONTEXT], esp ;save esp position in the kernel-stack of the process
;schedule
call schedule ;schedule is a C function, save eax, ecx, edx if you want them to stay unchanged.
;prepare to run new process
mov ebx, [p_proc_next] ;added by xw, 18/4/26
mov dword [p_proc_current], ebx
call renew_env ;renew process executing environment
mov ebx, [p_proc_current]
mov esp, [ebx + ESP_SAVE_CONTEXT] ;switch to a new kernel stack
popad
popfd
ret
; ====================================================================================
; renew_env
; ====================================================================================
;renew process executing environment. Added by xw, 18/4/19
renew_env:
call switch_pde ;to change the global variable cr3_ready
mov eax,[cr3_ready] ;to switch the page directory table
mov cr3,eax
mov eax, [p_proc_current]
lldt [eax + P_LDT_SEL] ;load LDT
lea ebx, [eax + INIT_STACK_SIZE]
mov dword [tss + TSS3_S_SP0], ebx ;renew esp0
ret
; ====================================================================================
; sys_call
; ====================================================================================
sys_call:
;get syscall number from eax
;syscall that's called gets its argument from pushed ebx
;so we can't modify eax and ebx in save_syscall
call save_syscall ;save registers and some other things. modified by xw, 17/12/11
sti
push ebx ;push the argument the syscall need
call [sys_call_table + eax * 4] ;将参数压入堆栈后再调用函数 add by visual 2016.4.6
add esp, 4 ;clear the argument in the stack, modified by xw, 17/12/11
cli
mov edx, [p_proc_current]
mov esi, [edx + ESP_SAVE_SYSCALL]
mov [esi + EAXREG - P_STACKBASE], eax ;the return value of C function is in EAX
ret
; ====================================================================================
; restart
; ====================================================================================
restart_int:
mov eax, [p_proc_current]
mov esp, [eax + ESP_SAVE_INT] ;switch back to the kernel stack from the irq-stack
cmp dword [kernel_initial], 0 ;added by xw, 18/6/10
jnz restart_restore
call sched ;save current process's context, invoke schedule(), and then
;switch to the chosen process's kernel stack and restore it's context
;added by xw, 18/4/19
; call renew_env
jmp restart_restore
restart_syscall:
mov eax, [p_proc_current]
mov esp, [eax + ESP_SAVE_SYSCALL] ;xw restore esp position
call sched ;added by xw, 18/4/26
jmp restart_restore
;xw restart_reenter:
restart_restore:
; dec dword [k_reenter]
pop gs
pop fs
pop es
pop ds
popad
add esp, 4
iretd
;to launch the first process in the os. added by xw, 18/4/19
restart_initial:
; mov eax, [p_proc_current]
; lldt [eax + P_LDT_SEL]
; lea ebx, [eax + INIT_STACK_SIZE]
; mov dword [tss + TSS3_S_SP0], ebx
call renew_env ;renew process executing environment
mov eax, [p_proc_current]
mov esp, [eax + ESP_SAVE_INT] ;restore esp position
jmp restart_restore
; ====================================================================================
; read_cr2 //add by visual 2016.5.9
; ====================================================================================
read_cr2:
mov eax,cr2
ret
; ====================================================================================
; refresh_page_cache //add by visual 2016.5.12
; ====================================================================================
refresh_page_cache:
mov eax,cr3
mov cr3,eax
ret
; ====================================================================================
; halt //added by xw, 18/6/11
; ====================================================================================
halt:
hlt
; ====================================================================================
; u32 get_arg(void *uesp, int order) //added by xw, 18/6/18
; ====================================================================================
; used to get the specified argument of the syscall from user space stack
; @uesp: user space stack pointer
; @order: which argument you want to get
; @uesp+0: the number of args, @uesp+8: the first arg, @uesp+12: the second arg...
get_arg:
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
push esi
push edi
mov esi, dword [ebp + 8] ;void *uesp
mov edi, dword [ebp + 12] ;int order
mov eax, dword [esi + edi * 4 + 4]
pop edi
pop esi
pop ebp
ret