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Neither abstraction nor simplicity is a substitute for getting it righ"}, + :properties {:color "yellow"}} + {:id #uuid "642ccc92-baa5-4b54-8525-9a664698c669", + :page 65, + :position {:bounding {:x1 0, + :y1 334.2857208251953, + :x2 747.6986846923828, + :y2 766.8035888671875, + :width 864, + :height 1296}, + :rects ({:x1 0, + :y1 334.2857208251953, + :x2 0, + :y2 353.71429443359375, + :width 864, + :height 1296} + {:x1 0, + :y1 350.2857208251953, + :x2 0, + :y2 369.7142868041992, + :width 864, + :height 1296} + {:x1 0, + :y1 366.2857208251953, + :x2 0, + :y2 385.7142868041992, + :width 864, + :height 1296} + {:x1 419.60740661621094, + :y1 689.3303680419922, + :x2 747.6986846923828, + :y2 707.2589416503906, + :width 864, + :height 1296} + {:x1 171.8928680419922, + :y1 709.2589416503906, + :x2 747.6194000244141, + :y2 727.1875152587891, + :width 864, + :height 1296} + {:x1 171.8928680419922, + :y1 729.1696624755859, + :x2 747.0166168212891, + :y2 747.0982360839844, + :width 864, + 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a/pages/hls__ostep_1680491762166_0.md b/pages/hls__ostep_1680491762166_0.md index 1019ad7..3ed65de 100644 --- a/pages/hls__ostep_1680491762166_0.md +++ b/pages/hls__ostep_1680491762166_0.md @@ -94,4 +94,128 @@ file-path:: ../assets/ostep_1680491762166_0.pdf ls-type:: annotation hl-page:: 56 hl-color:: yellow - id:: 642c27e3-d7d6-41d8-9832-73674615a246 \ No newline at end of file + id:: 642c27e3-d7d6-41d8-9832-73674615a246 +- Interlude: Process API + hl-page:: 60 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cc7d2-cd33-4dd6-879f-72f1070ed96d + hl-color:: yellow + Syscall-fork, wait, exec +- Get it right. Neither abstraction nor simplicity is a substitute for getting it right + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 65 + hl-color:: yellow + id:: 642cc975-cf26-431c-8c38-617da01d89ee +- the separation of fork() and exec() is essential in shell, because it lets the shell run code after the call to fork() but before the call to exec(); this code can alter the environment of the about-to-be-run program + hl-page:: 65 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642ccc92-baa5-4b54-8525-9a664698c669 + hl-color:: yellow +- imperative 必要的，命令的；必要的事 + hl-page:: 67 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642ccf62-0b5a-41db-899e-3e99a69c2eac + hl-color:: green +- control processes through signal subsystem + hl-page:: 67 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd11a-eea5-48f8-b4d1-b225f37ccdb4 + hl-color:: yellow +- Limited Direct Execution: Direct execution is to simply run the program directly on the CPU. + hl-page:: 74 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd1eb-c058-484a-ac25-782e37082bc6 + hl-color:: yellow +- aspiring 有追求的，有抱负的 + hl-page:: 75 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd2f2-c565-4309-951a-1f809da9beff + hl-color:: green +- user mode and kernel mode + hl-page:: 76 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd3e3-3fa6-43a6-a37a-cae62c634654 + hl-color:: yellow + - In user mode, code is restricted in what it can do, otherwise the processor will raise an exception + - User code perform system call to do privileged operation. + - To execute a system call, use `trap` and `return-from-trap` instruction: jump to/from kernel and change the privilege level. + - +- Limited Direct Execution Protocol-interesting figure illustrating how system call is done + hl-page:: 78 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd6be-083b-4ecd-b220-aafef97a8b65 + hl-color:: yellow +- wary 谨慎的；考虑周到的 + hl-page:: 79 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd6e9-21fc-49c7-b0bb-0c9ba3b7a524 + hl-color:: green +- Switching Between Processes: how OS regain control of the CPU + hl-page:: 80 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cd90e-ab6b-4d4d-8312-cd8c69efdac8 + hl-color:: yellow + - Cooperative Approach: wait for a system call. 1. The processes are expected to give up the CPU periodically through system call `yield`(which does nothing except to transfer control to the OS). 2. The process does something that causes a trap + - Non-Cooperative Approach: timer interrupt. + - Context switch: save a few register values for the currently-executing process. + Two types of register saves/restores: TI, hardware save state to kernel stack; context switch, OS save kernel registers and restore everything to return from trap +- malfeasance 渎职；不正当行为 + hl-page:: 81 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cdc2e-329c-423e-a65a-0a53fb6eaa76 + hl-color:: green +- scoff + hl-page:: 83 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642ce319-8087-4252-b51d-42f749f7c283 + hl-color:: green +- enact + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 83 + hl-color:: green + id:: 642ce357-9914-417b-8036-35ae44ac7283 +- whet + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 84 + hl-color:: green + id:: 642cef47-0c2f-482f-8b61-9a715e5438e5 +- analogous + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 86 + hl-color:: green + id:: 642cf0c1-59a2-410e-8f45-517f66ef47f9 +- workload assumptions: Each job, runs for the same amount of time, arrives at the same time, runs to completion, uses only CPU, and run-time is known + hl-page:: 90 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cf292-4464-4c8f-8639-3a194484d4c0 + hl-color:: yellow + - Quite unrealistic, but modern preemptive scheduling somewhat mimics part of these assumptions +- scheduling metric: turnaround time, aka `completion - arrival` + hl-page:: 91 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cf48d-b312-4af1-a2ff-d55cf9f32e48 + hl-color:: yellow +- conundrum + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 91 + hl-color:: green + id:: 642cf4c4-d246-48f2-a6ef-f14c77684ad9 +- First In, First Out (FIFO/FCFS) algorithm + hl-page:: 91 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cf4f9-4afd-4240-ac76-5522285fa1eb + hl-color:: yellow + - Bad average turnaround when long job runs first + - Convoy effect: a number of relatively-short potential consumers of a resource get queued behind a heavyweight resource consumer +- Shortest Job First(SJF) + hl-page:: 93 + ls-type:: annotation + id:: 642cf705-4a47-4daa-a542-43c4ae6f239e + hl-color:: yellow + - assuming that jobs all arriving at the same time, it could be proven that SJF is indeed an optimal scheduling algorithm + - Downgrade to the same problem of Convey Effect when jobs don't arrive at the same time. For example, short jobs arrive shortly after the long job. +- Shortest Time-to-Completion First (STCF) + ls-type:: annotation + hl-page:: 94 + hl-color:: yellow + id:: 642cfce4-67f5-4315-bf81-445922b8ae54 \ No newline at end of file