read the doc and format skeleton code
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CS143体验报告.md
28
CS143体验报告.md
@ -234,3 +234,31 @@ PA 2-5 正式写编译器。PA2 写词法分析器，首先读一遍 README 和
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- 返回 Object 的情况：objectid 未定义、new 未定义类、函数调用中无法确定被调用函数的情况（类未定义、函数未定义、函数参数个数不对）、loop 返回值。
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剩下的基本上能从手册的12章中比较清晰的看出来。
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### PA5
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#### 读文档
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最后一个 PA，那必然是要把剩下来的文档全部读完。需要预先看一遍带是 `cool-tour.pdf` 的第7章 Runtime System 和 PA5 handout，至于 `cool-manual.pdf` 的第13章语义部分倒是可以一边实现一边看。
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先看 handout：
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- 代码量巨大无比，竟然是 PA4 的2倍（悲
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- 文件简述：`cgen.{cc|hh}` 大部分需要写的代码，和 PA4 类似的结构，从 AST 的根节点开始进行 `cgen`；`cool-tree.h` 和 PA4 类似；`cgen_supp.cc` 定义辅助函数；`emit.h` 里面有一些 MIPS 汇编和符号宏定义；剩下的都是老熟人了。
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- 主要任务：
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- 生成全局常量（prototype objects）
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- 生成全局表，`class_nameTab` `class_objTab` 还有方法调用表
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- 生成每个类的初始化代码
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- 生成方法定义
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推荐的实现方法还是分两部分，先生成对象布局，然后第二遍在生成每个表达式的代码。
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- 提醒注意：这次没有必要去“逆向”参考编译器了，因为它实现了一些高级功能比如寄存器分配优化，这个 PA5 并不要求这个。
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- 运行时错误处理：manual 规定了6种运行时错误，生成的代码需要检测三种：(static) dispatch on void, case on void, missing branch；除零可以交给模拟器；剩下两种由 Runtime 处理。
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- GC：有一个3个命令行开关控制垃圾回收系统相关的功能。默认情况下不打开 `-g` 开关，此时不启用 GC，也就是说这是一个选做功能；`-t` 迫使 GC 系统在每次分配对象的时候进行回收；`-T` 的功能交给实现，可能会用来实现一些其他的运行时检查。实现 GC 功能的时候，需要认真阅读 Runtime 手册相关内容。这里可以去看看 CS143 课程网站上的那个单独的 `cool-runtime.pdf`，似乎写的更加详细一些。
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- 测试工具：和 PA4 类似，提供了一个 `-c` 选项来设置全局变量 `cgen_debug`。同时提供了一个第三方实现的 `Coolaid` 工具对生成的 MIPS 汇编进行一些检查，说不定会有帮助。最后关于 `Spim` 的 warning 可能会有用。
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然后看看 Runtime System：
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- 首先是对象布局：GC Tag 设为-1；Object Size 也得填上；dispatch pointer 因为不会被 runtime 用到，所以需要自己设计 dispatch 表；对于属性，`Int` 只有一个32位整数、`Bool` 也是如此、`String` 有一个32位的长度+后面全部是 ASCII 字节（最后需要 word 对齐），然后还有空指针 void。
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- 然后是一个叫原型对象（Prototype Object）的东西：COOL 里面新建对象的方法是使用 `Object.copy()`，因此我们需要生成这些供其复制的东西，也就是 prototype object。生成的时候需要正确设置前面的头部，对于属性，三个基本类型有自己的规定，其余类型的属性随意设置。
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- 栈和寄存器约定：方法调用参数放在栈上、从左到右依次压栈，`a0` 寄存器里面放 `self` 对象指针。指定了一组 Scratch registers 供 runtime routine 存放临时数据，因此需要调用者保存；还有堆指针和堆界限两个寄存器，完全由 runtime 控制。其他的都可以用。
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- Label：生成的代码需要和 runtime 一起变成最后执行的机器码，因此有一些 label 是指定的，就类似于接口一样的东西。有些 label 是 runtime 提供给我们使用的，也有一些需要我们生成供 runtime 使用。有一句话 `There is no need for code that initializes an object of class Bool if the generated code contains definitions of both Bool objects in the static data area.` 没看懂
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- 执行初始化：需要生成一些代码来调用 main 方法。首先通过 Main prototype 生成一个 Main 类的对象并用 `Main_init` 初始化，该初始化方法依次执行 Main 的基类的初始化最后初始化 Main；然后调用 `Main.main`，在 `a0` 里面放上 `Main` 的指针并设置 `ra`；执行结束后，`Main.main` 返回，这里打印出提示信息并终止执行。
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
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#include <assert.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include "emit.h"
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#include "cool-tree.h"
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#include "emit.h"
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#include "symtab.h"
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#include <assert.h>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <stdio.h>
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enum Basicness {Basic, NotBasic};
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enum Basicness { Basic, NotBasic };
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#define TRUE 1
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#define FALSE 0
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@ -14,67 +15,73 @@ typedef CgenClassTable *CgenClassTableP;
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class CgenNode;
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typedef CgenNode *CgenNodeP;
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class CgenClassTable : public SymbolTable<Symbol,CgenNode> {
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class CgenClassTable : public SymbolTable<Symbol, CgenNode> {
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private:
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List<CgenNode> *nds;
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ostream& str;
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int stringclasstag;
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int intclasstag;
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int boolclasstag;
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List<CgenNode> *nds;
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ostream &str;
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int stringclasstag;
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int intclasstag;
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int boolclasstag;
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// The following methods emit code for
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// constants and global declarations.
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// The following methods emit code for
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// constants and global declarations.
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void code_global_data();
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void code_global_text();
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void code_bools(int);
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void code_select_gc();
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void code_constants();
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void code_global_data();
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void code_global_text();
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void code_bools(int);
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void code_select_gc();
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void code_constants();
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// The following creates an inheritance graph from
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// a list of classes. The graph is implemented as
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// a tree of `CgenNode', and class names are placed
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// in the base class symbol table.
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// The following creates an inheritance graph from
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// a list of classes. The graph is implemented as
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// a tree of `CgenNode', and class names are placed
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// in the base class symbol table.
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void install_basic_classes();
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void install_class(CgenNodeP nd);
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void install_classes(Classes cs);
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void build_inheritance_tree();
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void set_relations(CgenNodeP nd);
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//* New Methods
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void dump_inheritance_tree();
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void install_basic_classes();
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void install_class(CgenNodeP nd);
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void install_classes(Classes cs);
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void build_inheritance_tree();
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void set_relations(CgenNodeP nd);
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public:
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CgenClassTable(Classes, ostream& str);
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void code();
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CgenNodeP root();
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CgenClassTable(Classes, ostream &str);
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void code();
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CgenNodeP root();
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};
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class CgenNode : public class__class {
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private:
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CgenNodeP parentnd; // Parent of class
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List<CgenNode> *children; // Children of class
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Basicness basic_status; // `Basic' if class is basic
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// `NotBasic' otherwise
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CgenNodeP parentnd; // Parent of class
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List<CgenNode> *children; // Children of class
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Basicness basic_status; // `Basic' if class is basic
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// `NotBasic' otherwise
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public:
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CgenNode(Class_ c,
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Basicness bstatus,
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CgenClassTableP class_table);
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CgenNode(Class_ c, Basicness bstatus, CgenClassTableP class_table);
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void add_child(CgenNodeP child);
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List<CgenNode> *get_children() { return children; }
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void set_parentnd(CgenNodeP p);
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CgenNodeP get_parentnd() { return parentnd; }
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int basic() { return (basic_status == Basic); }
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void add_child(CgenNodeP child);
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List<CgenNode> *get_children() { return children; }
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void set_parentnd(CgenNodeP p);
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CgenNodeP get_parentnd() { return parentnd; }
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int basic() { return (basic_status == Basic); }
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void traverse_dump(int pad) {
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for (int i = 0; i < pad; ++i)
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std::cerr << " ";
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std::cerr << this->name << "\n";
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for (auto l = children; l; l = l->tl()) {
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l->hd()->traverse_dump(pad + 2);
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}
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}
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};
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class BoolConst
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{
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private:
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class BoolConst {
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private:
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int val;
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public:
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BoolConst(int);
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void code_def(ostream&, int boolclasstag);
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void code_ref(ostream&) const;
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};
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public:
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BoolConst(int);
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void code_def(ostream &, int boolclasstag);
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void code_ref(ostream &) const;
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};
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@ -1,30 +1,25 @@
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#include "stringtab.h"
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#include <assert.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#include "stringtab.h"
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static int ascii = 0;
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void ascii_mode(ostream& str)
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{
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if (!ascii)
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{
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str << "\t.ascii\t\"";
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ascii = 1;
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}
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void ascii_mode(ostream &str) {
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if (!ascii) {
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str << "\t.ascii\t\"";
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ascii = 1;
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}
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}
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void byte_mode(ostream& str)
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{
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if (ascii)
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{
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str << "\"\n";
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ascii = 0;
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}
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void byte_mode(ostream &str) {
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if (ascii) {
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str << "\"\n";
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ascii = 0;
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}
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}
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void emit_string_constant(ostream& str, char* s)
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{
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void emit_string_constant(ostream &str, char *s) {
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ascii = 0;
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while (*s) {
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@ -39,23 +34,20 @@ void emit_string_constant(ostream& str, char* s)
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break;
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case '\\':
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byte_mode(str);
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str << "\t.byte\t" << (int) ((unsigned char) '\\') << endl;
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str << "\t.byte\t" << (int)((unsigned char)'\\') << endl;
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break;
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case '"' :
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case '"':
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ascii_mode(str);
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str << "\\\"";
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break;
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default:
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if (*s >= ' ' && ((unsigned char) *s) < 128)
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{
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ascii_mode(str);
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str << *s;
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}
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else
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{
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byte_mode(str);
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str << "\t.byte\t" << (int) ((unsigned char) *s) << endl;
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}
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if (*s >= ' ' && ((unsigned char)*s) < 128) {
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ascii_mode(str);
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str << *s;
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} else {
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byte_mode(str);
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str << "\t.byte\t" << (int)((unsigned char)*s) << endl;
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}
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break;
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}
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s++;
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@ -63,5 +55,3 @@ void emit_string_constant(ostream& str, char* s)
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byte_mode(str);
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str << "\t.byte\t0\t" << endl;
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}
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -4,19 +4,20 @@
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#ifndef COOL_TREE_HANDCODE_H
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#define COOL_TREE_HANDCODE_H
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#include <iostream>
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#include "tree.h"
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#include "cool.h"
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#include "stringtab.h"
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#include "tree.h"
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#include <iostream>
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#define yylineno curr_lineno;
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extern int yylineno;
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inline Boolean copy_Boolean(Boolean b) {return b; }
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inline Boolean copy_Boolean(Boolean b) { return b; }
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inline void assert_Boolean(Boolean) {}
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inline void dump_Boolean(ostream& stream, int padding, Boolean b)
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{ stream << pad(padding) << (int) b << "\n"; }
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inline void dump_Boolean(ostream &stream, int padding, Boolean b) {
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stream << pad(padding) << (int)b << "\n";
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}
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void dump_Symbol(ostream& stream, int padding, Symbol b);
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void dump_Symbol(ostream &stream, int padding, Symbol b);
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void assert_Symbol(Symbol b);
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Symbol copy_Symbol(Symbol b);
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@ -44,66 +45,52 @@ typedef Expressions_class *Expressions;
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typedef list_node<Case> Cases_class;
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typedef Cases_class *Cases;
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#define Program_EXTRAS \
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virtual void cgen(ostream&) = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream&, int) = 0;
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#define Program_EXTRAS \
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virtual void cgen(ostream &) = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0;
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#define program_EXTRAS \
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void cgen(ostream &); \
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void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#define Class__EXTRAS \
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virtual Symbol get_name() = 0; \
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virtual Symbol get_parent() = 0; \
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virtual Symbol get_filename() = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0;
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#define program_EXTRAS \
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void cgen(ostream&); \
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void dump_with_types(ostream&, int);
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#define class__EXTRAS \
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Symbol get_name() { return name; } \
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Symbol get_parent() { return parent; } \
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Symbol get_filename() { return filename; } \
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void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#define Class__EXTRAS \
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virtual Symbol get_name() = 0; \
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virtual Symbol get_parent() = 0; \
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virtual Symbol get_filename() = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream&,int) = 0;
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#define Feature_EXTRAS virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0;
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#define Feature_SHARED_EXTRAS void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#define class__EXTRAS \
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Symbol get_name() { return name; } \
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Symbol get_parent() { return parent; } \
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Symbol get_filename() { return filename; } \
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void dump_with_types(ostream&,int);
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#define Formal_EXTRAS virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0;
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#define formal_EXTRAS void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#define Feature_EXTRAS \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream&,int) = 0;
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#define Case_EXTRAS virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0;
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#define branch_EXTRAS void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#define Feature_SHARED_EXTRAS \
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void dump_with_types(ostream&,int);
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#define Formal_EXTRAS \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream&,int) = 0;
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#define formal_EXTRAS \
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void dump_with_types(ostream&,int);
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#define Case_EXTRAS \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream& ,int) = 0;
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#define branch_EXTRAS \
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void dump_with_types(ostream& ,int);
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#define Expression_EXTRAS \
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Symbol type; \
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Symbol get_type() { return type; } \
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Expression set_type(Symbol s) { type = s; return this; } \
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virtual void code(ostream&) = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream&,int) = 0; \
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void dump_type(ostream&, int); \
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Expression_class() { type = (Symbol) NULL; }
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#define Expression_SHARED_EXTRAS \
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void code(ostream&); \
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void dump_with_types(ostream&,int);
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#define Expression_EXTRAS \
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Symbol type; \
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Symbol get_type() { return type; } \
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Expression set_type(Symbol s) { \
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type = s; \
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return this; \
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} \
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virtual void code(ostream &) = 0; \
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virtual void dump_with_types(ostream &, int) = 0; \
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void dump_type(ostream &, int); \
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Expression_class() { type = (Symbol)NULL; }
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#define Expression_SHARED_EXTRAS \
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void code(ostream &); \
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void dump_with_types(ostream &, int);
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#endif
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@ -3,7 +3,27 @@
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as possible.
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*)
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class Main {
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class A inherits IO {
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attr_A_1 : Int <- 10;
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attr_A_2 : Bool <- false;
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attr_A_3 : A <- self;
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method_common(x1: Int) : SELF_TYPE {
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self
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};
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};
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class B inherits A {
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};
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class C inherits A {
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attr_C_1 : String <- "This is C\n";
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method_common(x1: Int) : SELF_TYPE {
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self
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};
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};
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class Main inherits IO {
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main():Int { 0 };
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};
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|
||||
BIN
handouts/cool-runtime.pdf
Normal file
BIN
handouts/cool-runtime.pdf
Normal file
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